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Factors to be considered in the selection of spring materials

2021-03-15 16:50:05
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The spring type makes extreme use of the elasticity of the spring material. Of course, the higher the elasticity, the better. However, in actual use, the material also requires physical, chemical and mechanical properties and other conditions. General considerations:

 

1. Spring limit

The elastic limit is the stress against the maximum force that does not remain deformed after the material is deformed by a certain force when the stress is eliminated. It is difficult to measure, but the material with high relative tensile strength has a high spring limit and can be heat treated. Or cold processing to change the elastic limit;

 

2. Elasticity coefficient

When force is applied to the spring material, the stress when the strain is generated is called the elastic coefficient. This value is the base of the spring design. The elastic coefficient of the spring material mainly depends on its chemical composition. It changes slightly due to heat treatment and cold processing, and the use temperature is high. Time will be greatly reduced;

 

3. Fatigue strength

The fatigue strength has a certain relationship with the tensile strength of the material, but it changes due to the surface condition, decarburization, cold working, and heat treatment. These conditions change due to the manufacturing method of the material and the manufacturing method of the spring;

 

4. Hardenability

In order to improve the quenching effect of large springs, materials with good hardenability are required, and the hardenability depends on the chemical composition of the material;

 

5. Shape and size

The mechanical properties of spring materials vary from size to size, and special sizes and shapes cannot be obtained, which is quite limited;

 

6. Heat resistance

Some springs are used at a certain level of high temperature. Generally, the various mechanical properties of spring materials decrease as the temperature rises. Above a certain temperature, the spring characteristics decrease. The heat resistance depends on the chemical composition of the material and the manufacturing method. Different

 

7. Corrosion resistance

Sometimes the spring will be used in a corrosive environment, which will cause corrosion and fatigue. The corrosion resistance mainly depends on its chemical composition, but it also varies due to heat treatment and cold processing;

 

8. Electrical conductivity

Electrical appliances, communications, etc. are often used as electrical conduction. In this case, copper alloy spring materials such as brass and phosphor bronze can be used.

 

9. Thermal expansion

The hair springs of clocks and watches are very resistant to the expansion and contraction caused by temperature changes. At this time, special materials are used;

 

10. Other requirements

There are also problems such as the size of crystal grains, segregation, non-magnetic, non-metallic substances, scars, heat treatment deformation, processability, resistance to racing, etc.


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